ʻO ke ala kipi o Ribbon.

1. Ka ulana ʻana (tatting) ʻO ke kaʻina hana maʻamau o ka hana ʻana i ka lipine ma luna o ka ulana ʻana, ʻo ia ka hui ʻana o ka maʻawe a me ka ulana.ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo warp a me weft interweaving, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā wili wili e hana i kahi bobbin (pan head), ua lulu ʻia ka ulana i loko o kahi pūpū, a ua ulana ʻia ka lipine ma ka mea ulana.ʻO kēia ʻano hana ka mea kaulana loa i nā makahiki 1930, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke ala kumu a koʻikoʻi e kākoʻo i ka ʻoihana.I ia manawa, huki lima ʻia ka mea ulana lāʻau, a hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau hao no ka ulana ʻana.I nā makahiki 1960 mua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka loom 1511 i lipine loom, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lipine e kahi ʻano kaʻa.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma kekahi mau hale hana hale liʻiliʻi.He ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano lipine lom mai nā "mua" ma muli o kona ʻano liʻiliʻi a me ke ʻano ulana.Aia hoʻokahi, pālua, mau kakini, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, me ka papa hoʻokahi a me ka papa pālua.I ka makahiki 1967, ka hui noiʻi o shuttleless webbing, ka mea nui i haku ʻia e nā limahana ʻoihana, ua hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia a hana ʻia i kahi mīkini kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi shuttleless webbing mīkini (ʻO kēia ke ʻano mua o kahi loom hou), ʻike kēia loom i ka ulana ʻana me ka ʻole o kahi kaʻa. pōkole loa ke kaʻina hana, a liʻiliʻi a nani ka mīkini, noho i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka mea nui ʻo ia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna hana hana.ʻO ka hānau ʻana, ka hana ulana ʻana ma Kina i hana i ka mōʻaukala.Ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻopuka maikaʻi ʻia a hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka mīkini hoʻoluu mau a me ka hao hao no nā lipine.Ua komo pū ka hana ʻana i nā lipine kala i kahi au hou.Ua ulu mālie ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna o ka hoʻoluʻu mua a laila ka ulana ʻana i ka ulana mua ʻana a laila ka hoʻoluli ʻana, ka ulana mua ʻana a laila ka bleaching, a me ka hao a me ka hana ʻana.Ua komo ka ʻenehana lipine i ka pae o ka hana nui mechanized.A hiki i nā makahiki 1980, me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻāina, nui nā ʻenehana ulana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe o nā haole a me kā lākou mau mīkini i kahe i ka mākeke Kina.ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kāʻei shuttleless kiʻekiʻe, nā mīkini hao, nā mīkini ʻōwili, a me nā mīkini warping ma Switzerland, Italia, Federal Republic of Germany a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ka mea maopopo loa.e hele i mua.I ka makahiki 1979, ua ho'āʻo maikaʻi ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia ka kāʻei ingot rubber SD9-9 mua ma Kina.ʻO ka huahana kāʻei ingot kāʻei i hoʻopau i ka mōʻaukala o ka hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mea lawe mai.Ma kēia kumu, i ka makahiki 1980, ua kūkulu ʻia ʻo SD-81A a me B ʻelua mau ʻano o nā mīkini kāʻei spindle rubber, nona nā ʻano o ka palupalu, ka māmā, ka lahilahi, ka paʻa, ka elongation liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. liʻiliʻi.He pōkole a palahalaha nā hui.Ma hope mai, ma hope o ʻelua mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hana hoʻāʻo, ua hōʻea ka maikaʻi o nā huahana webbing i nā kūlana QC49-92 a me TL-VW470.

2. ʻO ka ulana ʻana (spindle weaving) ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo spindle weaving, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kaula i loko o ka paipu weft ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka ʻeha, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka noho niho paʻa o ka mīkini wili.ulana ana.Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka helu o nā milo i ulana ʻia, ʻo ia ka lipine i ulana ʻia he tubular, ʻokoʻa ka helu o nā milo, a ua palahalaha ka lipine i ulana ʻia.Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana ulana spindle ma Kina kahiko.ʻOkoʻa ka helu o nā milo me nā lako like ʻole, akā ma waena o 9 a me 100 spindles.ʻO ke kaʻina hana maʻamau o ka ulana ʻana, ʻo ia ka: bleaching a me ka waihoʻoluʻu - weft winding - ulana - hāʻule ʻia ʻoki mīkini - hoʻopili.Mai ka makahiki 1960, ua hana ka poʻe o ka ʻoihana i nā hana hou ʻenehana i ka mīkini wili, ka mea nui i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke anawaena o ka papa peach, ke kau ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokuʻu maʻalahi no ka haki ʻana i nā kaula hao, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ingots hao. nā nilon ingots.ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o kēia mau mea hana i hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki i 160-190 rpm, pālua i ka pae kū, a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.Ma waho aʻe o ka webbing, hiki i ka ulana ke ulana i ke kaula.ʻO nā kāʻei tubular kekahi o lākou.ʻO ka poʻe me ke anawaena o 1 a 4 kenimika hiki ke kapa ʻia he kaula a i ʻole ke kaula, ʻo nā mea i ʻoi aku ke anawaena ma mua o 4 kenimika, ua kapa ʻia hoʻi he kaula, a ʻo nā mea i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena ma mua o 40 kenimika, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he uwea a i ʻole ke kaula.I ka makahiki 1989, ua hoʻokomo ka ʻoihana i nā mea hana laina laina ʻewalu mau kaula Iapana, a ua hana i ka polypropylene ʻewalu mau kaula i ka makahiki ʻelua.Ua lanakila nā huahana i hana ʻia e kēia mea hana i ka National Science and Technology Silver Award i kēlā makahiki.3. Knitting I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana ulana lole a me ka ʻenehana weft i ka ʻoihana pūnaewele.I ka makahiki 1973, ua kūleʻa ka hana hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke kāʻei ākea ākea.I ka makahiki 1982, hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana e hoʻolauna i nā mīkini koki ʻItalia.ʻO kēia ʻano mīkini kuki hou he ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me kahi ākea o nā ʻano hana.Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā lole kāʻei hoʻonaninani lahilahi, e like me ka lace, kāʻei elastic, pale pukaaniani, kāʻei hoʻonaninani a pēlā aku.ʻO kāna kaʻina hana ʻenehana: bleaching a me ka waihoʻoluʻu - wili - ulana - hao - hoʻopili.

Ma mua o nā makahiki 1970, ua ulana ʻia ka pahu pahu ahi me kahi loom palahalaha, akā no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻole ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua hoʻololi nui ʻia ke anawaena o ka pahu pahu a ua haʻahaʻa ka hopena.Ma ka hapa lua o ka makahiki 1974, ua hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻia kahi hui noiʻi a hoʻomohala i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka ʻoihana no ka hana ʻana i nā pahu ahi.E like me ke kumu o ka ulana ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka ulana a me ka ulana weft, a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻili uninterlaced a me nā wili weft i kahi holoʻokoʻa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cylinder a me ka sinker arc o ka loop-forming yarn e hana i kahi lole a me ka weft-inserted tubular knitted fabric. .Ua ulu kēia i loko o kahi paipu puka i uhi ʻia i ka plastic a me kahi paipu ahi kiʻekiʻe.